Return to positive growth, but activity will remain below trend

AA1

LOW RISK for enterprise

  • Economic risk

  • Business environment risk

  • Political risk

  • Commercial risk

  • Financing risk

  • Economic risk

  • Business environment risk

  • Political risk

  • Commercial risk

  • Financing risk

Updated in January 2024.

Swipe to view more

GDP USD991.1bn (World ranking 18, World Bank 2022)
Population 17.7mn (World ranking 68, World Bank 2022)
Form of state Constitutional Monarchy
Head of government Mark RUTTE (PM, outgoing)
Next elections 2028, General
  • Solid economic fundamentals, growth will gradually recover (still well above pre-pandemic levels)
  • Labor market remains tight, with a low unemployment rate and high vacancies
  • Open economy, characterized by high living standards
  • Well-developed infrastructure
  • Political fragmentation and long negotiations to form the ruling coalition
  • Housing crisis to be tackled
  • Very urgent green transition, especially independence from fossil fuels
  • Concerns about cost-of-living crisis have not disappeared
  • Monetary policy tightening impact on the financial sectors requires close monitoring

Trade structure by destination/origin

(% of total, 2022)

Exports Rank Imports
Germany 24.6%
1
13.7% Germany
Belgium 12.9%
2
13.5% China
France 8.8%
3
8.9% Belgium
United Kingdom 4.9%
4
8.4% United States
Italy 4.8%
5
5.4% United Kingdom

Trade structure by product

(% of total, 2022)

Exports Rank Imports
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials 13.8%
1
15.0% Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products 5.0%
2
5.9% Telecommunication and sound recording apparatus
Telecommunication and sound recording apparatus 4.7%
3
5.8% Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s.
Specialised machinery 4.5%
4
5.0% Office machines and automatic data processing machines
Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s. 3.6%
5
4.3% Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
The Allianz Trade Collection Complexity Score provides a simple assessment of how easy it is to collect debt around the world. The 2022 edition covers 49 countries that represent nearly 90% of global GDP and 85% of global trade.
Popular Risk Reports: Americas

Popular Risk Reports: Europe

Popular Risk Reports: Asia Pacific

Popular Risk Reports: Middle East

Popular Risk Reports: Africa