Finland

Better outlook for turnover growth and firms’ profitability

Nominal GDP growth reached 2.4% in 2016 after 1.9% in 2015. Although still moderate this is the highest level since 2012. The end of deflationary pressures and inflation’s return to positive territory in September 2016 should translate into firms’ turnovers in 2017. To address the high labor costs, compared to other European countries, the Finnish government has implemented a reform package. The “Competitiveness Pact” sets a -4% decline in labor costs by 2019 as a target. It aims achieving that by increasing effective working time by 3 days or 24 hours per year, and by shifting part of the unemployment and social security costs from to employees. The package will also improve the functioning of the labor market by streamlining job-matching. Unemployment benefits have been reduced to 400 days and should progressively boost labor supply. The Government aims to create 110K new jobs throughout its term in office and raise the employment rate to 72 % from 68.5% (compared to 76% in Sweden and 75% in Denmark).

In addition, the wage-setting system is also reformed from a highly-centralized wage bargaining process to a more flexible system in which salary negotiations will be hashed out at the firm level. This should improve productivity in the long-run and allow Finland to catch up with Sweden and Germany by 2018 and 2020 respectively. However, despite reforms, the fall in oil prices, and low financing costs, firms’ margins lagged behind other European countries. Finnish companies’ margins remained stable in 2016 while their Belgian peers clocked an increase of +1.4pp for example (see Figure 3). As the reforms should start to kick-in with falling labor costs in 2017, (stabilization is expected the year after), we expect margins to improve in 2017. Nevertheless, this could be limited by the rise in commodity prices and the lower euro which may trigger an increase in input prices. The business environment is already favorable in Finland. The country ranks high on indicators such as ease of doing business, corruption, rule of law, and regulatory quality. The working force is high-skilled. Further improvements target SMEs and the removal of barriers to entrepreneurship through opening up the market to competition (e.g. liberalization of shopping hours) and cutting red tape. Several taxation measures targeting the smallest companies are also on the table.